月份: 2023 年 9 月
本園獲取「學校疫苗接種」嘉許計劃銀獎
Written By: Ms. Lui Shuk Jing, Family Dynamics Personal, Marriage and Family Therapist
There is a Chinese saying “the age of three determines 80” and the West has another saying “The future is now”.It is clear that both Chinese and foreign parents have relevant parenting experience and believe that the early years are the golden age for shaping the healthy growth of their children. Many parents understand that they are the key influencers of their children’s growth, and that their children will learn by example, so they have to set an example and start to discipline them at a young age.I believe that parents focus on disciplining their children’s behavior, but recent studies in medicine, science, psychology, and early childhood development all point to the interaction and relationship between parents and children as the foundation for their children’s development.
“Attachment Theory research clearly shows that as early as 0-18 months of age, a parent or primary caregiver forms a lifelong relationship pattern with the child that will be passed on for the rest of the child’s life. Once a secure attachment relationship is established, it is like a secure base that can be effective in dealing with future turbulent situations and in building the ability to have a successful family relationship.Conversely, once an insecure relationship pattern is established, it can have a negative impact on an infant’s future growth, emotional processing, and family relationships.
Secure Attachment
The key to establishing a secure attachment pattern is for parents to establish a secure attachment when their child is 0-18 months old. Parents can build secure attachments based on the following suggestions.
- Be close to your child often, especially when they need it, such as when they cry and see their parents comforting them so that they know you are always there for them.
- Invest emotionally in the parent-child relationship so that your child knows that you enjoy spending time with them and are interested in them, rather than being preoccupied with your own work. So parents need to play with their children from time to time to increase parent-child interaction and communication.
- Parents are sensitive to their children’s emotional needs because children need you not only to meet their physical needs but also to care about their emotions and help them express and respond to them, especially negative emotions. When your child is dancing or smiling, you will help them say, “My baby is so happy! I’m so excited!” When your child is upset or crying, you will pick them up and offer protection and comfort. As they grow older, they will have more complex emotions, such as worry, fear, anger, frustration, and shame, and parents need to encourage and help their children express them, even though their negative emotions may have something to do with them.
Insecure Attachment
I have handled many cases in which the children are smart and well-behaved and have excellent academic performance, but they are very disturbed emotionally. Their parents think they are leading by example, loving their children and working hard, but they do not understand how their children can have emotional problems. If they look closely at the “attachment pattern” between themselves and their children to see if they are always close to their children, if they are emotionally involved, and if they can meet their children’s emotional needs, it will be easy to find the core of the problem and help parents rebuild a secure attachment relationship with their children so that they can rely on them and build a foundation for growth.
撰文:家庭動力心理治療師
兒童遊戲治療師 李惠婷
新學年,小朋友又要開始默書測驗。雖然默書看似簡單,但其實要運用到的技巧非常複雜,所需要用到的叫做「分散性專注力」,要一邊在腦袋中尋找字的筆劃寫法,用手寫出來,一邊要豎起耳朵聽著老師閱讀,並記著下一個要默的句子,邊寫邊聽邊記,有時寫錯字還要先刪掉再寫,與時間競賽,超難的呢!
所以,要掌握默書的技巧和得到好成績,就要同時掌握「聽、寫、記」三個技巧,以及提升一心可以幾用的「分散性專注力」。
要讓默書變得有趣,可以將這幾項技巧訓練變成遊戲。一方面遊戲的趣味性增加孩子學習的興趣,讓一個惱人的練習變成親子遊戲時間;另一方面,更重要的是要增加孩子的成功感,從遊戲中得到大人的鼓勵,孩子們自然會愈來愈喜歡學習。
訓練幾種技巧的遊戲可以分開的,以下提供一些例子,家長們可以嘗試一下呢!
一)聆聽的遊戲
由大人讀出英文句子:“There is a rabbit on the table.”,小朋友把句子的內容畫在畫紙上,只畫圖,不寫字,這是訓練聆聽的部分。
小朋友很喜歡調轉角色,由他們讀句子,大人默書,甚至可以修改大人的字,這讓他們有成功感,又可以訓練正確讀音,閱讀過又仔細修改大人的錯字(家長們可以刻意寫錯),增加對串字或寫法的記憶。
二)中英文寫字的遊戲
中文字複雜難記,加上用筆寫字,其實對孩子來說不但抽象,而且難以牢記的。寫字練習可以不用筆寫,而嘗試運用身體各部分寫字,利用不同的感官加強記憶。例如:
- 在沙盤上寫字,讓手指接觸沙的感覺,提升對字的記憶。
- 使用不同質感的材料砌字,例如紅豆、泥膠和不同質感的手工材料等,更可配合顏色,例如響音用紅色,其他字母用綠色,增強記憶。
- 大人用手指在孩子的身體各部分寫字,讓他們估出甚麼字。例如手掌、背部和額頭等,當然視乎孩子的能力而定;或倒過來由孩子寫在大人身體上亦可。
三)分散性專注力遊戲
其實很多遊戲都訓練這種專注力,例如「爭櫈仔」,要邊聽音樂,邊留意著椅子的位置作出反應;「冚棉胎」,要邊數/聽數字,邊打開咭,又要留意數字的配合作出反應等等。
現時有些桌上遊戲都是這樣設計的,介紹一個遊戲叫作「moo斯密碼」,孩子要邊聽到密碼,腦海中想著密碼所代表的圖案,記著密碼的次序,最後要找出相合圖案的圖咭,雖然很複雜但又很刺激呢!